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PTC電熱元件兩極之間爬電距離限值是多少?
發(fā)表時(shí)間:2023-04-28 14:54:04
案例問題

某PTC電熱元件暖風(fēng)機(jī),PTC電熱元件兩極之間工作電壓為220V,微觀污染等級3級,兩電極之間PTC材料功能性絕緣爬電距離限值是多少?

圖1  PTC電熱元件兩極之間PTC材料爬電距離


圖2 PTC電熱元件
(圖片均為實(shí)拍圖)

對此有不同的觀點(diǎn):

觀點(diǎn)1:因?yàn)槭俏廴镜燃?級,GB?4706.1-2005《家用和類似用途電器的安全 第1部分:通用要求》標(biāo)準(zhǔn)29.2.4條款表18注1“對于工作電壓小于250V且污染等級1和2的PTC電熱元件,PTC材料表面上的爬電距離不必大于相應(yīng)的電氣間隙”情況不適用,所以爬電距離限值就是表18中的3.2 mm(220V,P=3, Ⅲa/Ⅲb材料組別)。

觀點(diǎn)2:這個(gè)部位爬電距離限值 = 電氣間隙限值1.0 mm。

哪一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)更合理?

案例分析

2021年6月,IEC/TC61國際電工委員會(huì)第61家用電器技術(shù)委員會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)全體會(huì)議討論了這個(gè)問題并給出了回答,詳見附件的決議及其翻譯內(nèi)容。

附件:02g - AG28 Report 2021 web meeting

Reference

參考號(hào)

Date

日期

Sheet No.

決議單號(hào)

IEC 60335-1:1991, 3rd Ed.

8.1.4 

DSH-492

Standard

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

Subclause(s)

條款

Keywords、

關(guān)鍵詞

IEC 60335-1:2016 Ed5.2

29.2.4


-Creepage distance limit

爬電距離限值

-PTC material

PTC 材料

Question 問題

Note 1 of table 18 in clause 29.2.4 of IEC 60335-1 Ed5.2 reads,

For PTC heating elements, the creepage distances over the surface of the PTC material need not be greater than the associated clearance for working voltages less than 250 V and for pollution degrees 1 and 2. However, the creepage distances between terminations are those specified in the table.


IEC 60335-1 Ed5.2第29.2.4條表18中的注釋:

對于工作電壓小于250V且污染等級1和2的PTC電熱元件,PTC材料表面上的爬電距離不必大于相應(yīng)的電氣間隙。但其端子間的爬電距離按本表規(guī)定。


For a PTC heating element in fan heater, what creepage distance limit is the creepage distances over the surface of the PTC material(L and N, pollution degree=3, working volage=220V)?


對于暖風(fēng)機(jī)中的PTC發(fā)熱體,PTC材料表面的爬電距離限值是多少(L和N,污染等級=3,工作電壓=220V)?




Figure  creepage distance over PTC heating element material between L and N

圖 PTC 電熱元件材料表面上L 和 N 之間的爬電距離


Opinion 1: since the PD is 3 rather than 1 or 2 mentioned in note 1 of table 18, note 1 is not applicable, then the value 3.2 mm (P=3,<250V, Ⅲa/Ⅲb)in table 18 is applicable.


觀點(diǎn)1:由于污染等級為3,而不是表18注1中的污染等級1或2,所以注1不適用,則表18中的值3.2mm(P=3,<250V,Ⅲa/Ⅲb)適用。


Opinion 2: having considered

-PTC heating element material is “semi-conductor”, rather than conductor like copper or plastic insulation material, special material special requirement.


觀點(diǎn)2:考慮到PTC發(fā)熱體材料是“半導(dǎo)體”,而不是像銅或塑料絕緣材料那樣的導(dǎo)體,特殊材料特殊要求。

Figure  Resistance R~Temperature T of PTC heating element

圖 PTC電熱元件:電阻R~溫度T


- 29.1.4 of IEC 60335-1 reads, clearance limit for PTC heating element is 1mm.


根據(jù)IEC 60335-1 的 29.1.4,PTC電熱元件的間隙限值為1mm。


-PTC heating element material is inorganic material rather than “pure ceramics”, note 2 in table 18 is not applicable.Otherwise it does not track, creepage distances need not be greater than the associated clearance limit (see note 2 in table 18).


PTC 發(fā)熱元件材料是無機(jī)材料而不是“純陶瓷”,表 18 中的注釋 2 不適用。對于不會(huì)發(fā)生漏電起痕的材料,爬電距離不必大于相應(yīng)的電氣間隙(見表18中的注釋2)。


-PD=1 or 2, 220V, the creepage distances over the surface of the PTC material need not be greater than the associated clearance(see note 1). On the other hand, PD=3, the creepage distances over the surface of the PTC material need shall be greater than the associated clearance (limit).


污染等級1 或 2,220V,PTC材料表面的爬電距離不必大于相應(yīng)的電氣間隙(見注 1)。另一方面,污染等級3,PTC材料表面上的爬電距離需要大于相應(yīng)的間隙(限值)。


-clause 5.2.2.6 of IEC 60664-1 reads, Creepage distance limit ≥ associated clearance limit


根據(jù)IEC 60664-1 的第 5.2.2.6 條,爬電距離限值≥相應(yīng)間隙限值


the creepage distances limit over the surface of the PTC material is 1.0mm(associated clearance limit)


PTC材料表面的爬電距離限值為1.0mm(相應(yīng)電氣間隙限值)


Which opinion is correct?


哪種觀點(diǎn)是正確的?

Proposed MT23 Answer

MT23維護(hù)組回復(fù)

Answer:

回答:


The outcome of opinion 2 is correct but not completely for the reason given since PTC heating elements are not insulation material.


觀點(diǎn)2的結(jié)果并不完全正確,因?yàn)镻TC電熱元件不是絕緣材料。


Opinion 1 is not correct unless you can prove that PTC material is Material group Ⅲa and consider it as insulation material.


觀點(diǎn)1是不正確的,除非能證明PTC材料是材料組Ⅲa并將其視為絕緣材料。


Reason:

原因:


You cannot apply Note 1 across the surface since you are in pollution degree 3 – The distance between terminations will generally depend on how the heating element is mounted.
Note 2 is not relevant since it only refers to “For glass, ceramics and other inorganic insulating materials”. PTC heating elements are not insulating material.
A creepage distance can never be less than its associated clearance – that is impossible. (See 5.3.2.5 of IEC 60664-1 ED3 below)


不能在整個(gè)表面應(yīng)用注1,因?yàn)樘幱谖廴镜燃? – 端子之間的距離通常取決于加熱元件的安裝方式。

注2不相關(guān),因?yàn)樗鼉H指“用于玻璃、陶瓷和其他無機(jī)絕緣材料”。PTC電熱元件不是絕緣材料。

爬電距離永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)小于其相應(yīng)的電氣間隙——這是不可能的。(參見下面 IEC 60664-1 ED3 的 5.3.2.5)


5.3.2.5 Relationship of creepage distance to clearance

A creepage distance cannot be less than the associated clearance so that the shortest creepage distance possible is equal to the required clearance. However, there is no physical relationship, other than this dimensional limitation, between the minimum clearance in air and the minimum acceptable creepage distance.


5.3.2.5 爬電距離與電氣間隙的關(guān)系

爬電距離不會(huì)小于相應(yīng)的電氣間隙,所以最短的爬電距離有可能是等于要求的電氣間隙。但是,除此尺寸限值外,在空氣中的最小電氣間隙和最小可接受的爬電距離之間沒有物理關(guān)系。


Creepage distance less than the clearance required in case A of Table F.2 may only be used under conditions of pollution degree 1 and 2 when the creepage distance can withstand the voltage required for the associated clearance (Table F.2).For testing, see 6.2.


在表F.2中的案例A中,爬電距離限值要求小于電氣間隙的情況僅適用于以下情況:

在污染等級1和2,當(dāng)爬電距離可以承受相應(yīng)電氣間隙所需的電壓時(shí)(表F.2),此時(shí)爬電距離可以承受相關(guān)電氣間隙所要求的電壓(表F.2)。供測試用,見6.2。


5.3.4 Dimensioning of creepage distances of functional insulation

Creepage distance of functional insulation may be Dimensioned as specified in Table F.5 corresponding to the steady-state working voltage across the creepage distance considered.

NOTE The values of Table F.5 can be used for functional insulation however different values of creepage distance can be appropriate.

When the steady-state working voltage is used for dimensioning, it is allowed to interpolate values for intermediate voltages. When interpolating, linear in interpolation shall be used and values shall be rounded to the same number of digits as the values picked up from the tables.


5.3.4 功能性絕緣爬電距離的尺寸

功能絕緣的爬電距離可按表 F.5 的規(guī)定確定尺寸對應(yīng)于所考慮的爬電距離兩端的穩(wěn)態(tài)工作電壓。

注:表 F.5 的值可用于功能絕緣,但不同的爬電距離值可能是合適的。

當(dāng)使用穩(wěn)態(tài)工作電壓進(jìn)行尺寸標(biāo)注時(shí),允許對中間電壓值進(jìn)行插值法計(jì)算。插值時(shí),應(yīng)使用線性插值,值應(yīng)四舍五入到與從表中選取的值相同的位數(shù)。


Above NOTE text is important, so we can ignore IEC 60664-1.


上面的 NOTE 文本很重要,所以我們可以忽略IEC 60664-1。


The clearance for functional insulation is given in 29.1.4 and in this case the Table 16 value applies i.e. 1,5 mm. This is completely consistent with NOTE 1 in Clause 29 and the 2nd paragraph of 5.3.2.5. However, this can be reduced to 1 mm for PTC heating elements (going across the surface) according to 29.1.4. These values are irrespective of pollution degree.


功能絕緣的間隙在 29.1.4 中給出,在這種情況下,表16的值適用,即1.5mm。這與第 29 章中注1和5.3.2.5第2段完全一致。但是,根據(jù)29.1.4,對于 PTC電熱元件(穿過表面),這可以減少到1mm。這些值與污染等級無關(guān)。


So taking account of the above, the creepage distance across the surface of the PTC heater element in pollution degree 3 cannot be less than 1 mm unless the appliance complies with Clause 19 when the creepage distance is short-circuited.


因此,考慮到上述情況,污染等級3的PTC電熱器元件表面的爬電距離不能小于1mm,除非器具在爬電距離短路時(shí)符合第19章要求。


But for this case the voltage is 220 V and if you interpolate between the Material Group 1 Pollution degree 3 values at 125 V and 250 V for 220 V you get 2.332 mm {= 1.8 + 95 × [(2.5 – 1.8)/125]} which is less than the measured value of 2.39 mm. So in our opinion, the construction is OK even if you ignore the above. 


但對于這種情況,電壓為220V,如果在125V的材料組1污染等級3和250V的 220 V 值之間進(jìn)行插值,將得到2.332mm {= 1.8 + 95×[(2.5–1.8)/125] }小于2.39mm的測量值。所以在我們看來,即使忽略上述內(nèi)容,結(jié)構(gòu)也是OK的。

TC 61 Decision

TC61決議

Confirmed.

確認(rèn)。



標(biāo)準(zhǔn)條款


GB 4706.1-2005《家用和類似用途電器的安全 第1部分:通用要求》(IEC 60335-1:2004,IDT )標(biāo)準(zhǔn)


29. 1.4 對于功能性絕緣,表16的值是適用的。但如該功能性絕緣被短路時(shí)器具仍符合第 19章要求,則不規(guī)定其電氣間隙。繞組漆包線導(dǎo)體,作為裸露導(dǎo)體考慮,不需要測量在漆包線交叉點(diǎn)上的電氣間隙。

PTC電熱元件表面之間的電氣間隙可減小至 1mm。

通過測量,如果需要,通過試驗(yàn)確定其是否合格。

29.2.4 功能性絕緣的爬電距離不應(yīng)小于表18的規(guī)定值。但如該功能性絕緣被短路時(shí)器具仍符合第19章要求,爬電距離可減小。

表18 功能性絕緣的最小爬電距離



通過測量檢查其符合性。